191 anos de independência? A independência ou dependência em tempos atuais serão sempre relativas.

Está certa a presidente Dilma quando cobra do presidente americano uma explicação sobre a espionagem, pois essa bisbilhotagem eletrônica tem mais interesse industrial do que o alegado de terrorismo. Há muito isso existe, mas em tempos modernos os americanos estão usando todas suas empresas privadas com Google e Facebook como mecanismo de captura de informações, mas não terá nenhum efeito prático..

No entanto, lutar por independência em tempos modernos requer que nossos dirigentes tomem a decisão e se lancem em um forte esforço nacional de desenvolvimento em C&T, da nossa industria de fármacos, da industria bélica, da geração de energia etc, para superar as desigualdades entre os países. 

Inovação é um caminho eficiente. 

Mas para isso é fundamental desenvolver e aplicar recursos em um sistema de educação do povo brasileiro que nos liberte dessas amarras do subdesenvolvimento educacional pouco inventivo e de imitação da educação estrangeira. 

As escolas e Universidades no Brasil não educam nossos filhos para soluções de problemas locais e nem mesmo para a criatividade e inovação. Sem educar objetivamente e inovar em todos os níveis não criaremos  produtos e soluções para nossa real independência.

http://youtu.be/rOvK3yaHZhA

Hino da Independência

Já podeis da Pátria filhos,
Ver contente a mãe gentil;
Já raiou a liberdade
No horizonte do Brasil
Já raiou a liberdade,
Já raiou a liberdade
No horizonte do Brasil.

Brava gente brasileira!
Longe vá temor servil
Ou ficar a Pátria livre
Ou morrer pelo Brasil;
Ou ficar a Pátria livre,
Ou morrer pelo Brasil.

Os grilhões que nos forjava
Da perfídia astuto ardil,
Houve mão mais poderosa,
Zombou deles o Brasil;
Houve mão mais poderosa
Houve mão mais poderosa
Zombou deles o Brasil.

Brava gente brasileira!
Longe vá temor servil
Ou ficar a Pátria livre
Ou morrer pelo Brasil;
Ou ficar a Pátria livre,
Ou morrer pelo Brasil.

Não temais ímpias falanges
Que apresentam face hostil;
Vossos peitos, vossos braços
São muralhas do Brasil;
Vossos peitos, vossos braços
Vossos peitos, vossos braços
São muralhas do Brasil.

Brava gente brasileira!
Longe vá temor servil
Ou ficar a Pátria livre
Ou morrer pelo Brasil;
Ou ficar a Pátria livre,
Ou morrer pelo Brasil.

Parabéns, ó brasileiros!
Já, com garbo varonil,
Do universo entre as nações
Resplandece a do Brasil;
Do universo entre as nações
Do universo entre as nações
Resplandece a do Brasil.

Brava gente brasileira!
Longe vá temor servil
Ou ficar a Pátria livre
Ou morrer pelo Brasil;
Ou ficar a Pátria livre,
Ou morrer pelo Brasil.

Texto sobre 

191 anos de independência

Por Cesar Valente ⋅ 5 de setembro de 2013, às 08:09 ⋅ Compartilhe este post ⋅ Comente

Por Tito Guarniere*

O Brasil completa 191 anos de vida soberana. Já fui mais otimista quanto ao nosso futuro. Cheguei a imaginar, um dia, que nos estava reservado um grande destino. Hoje não tenho mais a mesma certeza.

Nos meus melhores sonhos, uma vez conquistada a democracia, o país encetaria uma nova jornada histórica, de práticas políticas virtuosas, de governantes honestos e preparados, de uma sociedade civil vigorosa e participativa – fatores capazes de afastar para sempre as nossas mazelas seculares, dar início a um novo tempo, de exercício pleno da cidadania, de paz e justiça social.

Derrotamos a ditadura, de onde, inocentemente, pensamos que advinham todos os males. Em eleições diretas, entretanto, elegemos governantes que nada ficaram a dever, em pequenez, em miopia administrativa, em frouxidão moral, aos governantes biônicos da ditadura. Os partidos políticos, que eram para ser, na democracia, a expressão de correntes do pensamento social, de um conjunto de ideias políticas e de uma determinada visão de mundo, mal passam da condição de ajuntamentos aleatórios, formados por uns poucos homens e mulheres de bem, convivendo com uma multidão de oportunistas, interesseiros, quando não de canalhas completos. As bandalheiras se repetem monotonamente, para nossa humilhação e vergonha, causando estragos colossais nos cofres públicos – dinheiro que poderia minorar as agruras do povo.

Os governos, com as exceções de praxe, são constrangedoramente lenientes com práticas predatórias do erário, nos assaltos aos cofres públicos, no mau uso dos recursos, nos gastos inúteis, perdulários, parasitários. E quando faltam os recursos, lançam mão do truque manjado de promover o aumento da já insuportável carga tributária. O único departamento governamental eficiente – ilha de excelência – é o fisco, de todas as instâncias, aparato cada vez mais sofisticado para tomar o dinheiro do contribuinte.

A educação, a grande bandeira, a prioridade número um de todas as campanhas, logo nos primeiros meses de governo, volta a se arrastar na rotina vulgar, na modorra burocrática, encarcerada que está entre a inépcia de gestão e os interesses corporativos. Na saúde, fiquemos neste episódio emblemático, que resume tudo, do conchavo abjeto, obscuro, do governo, das autoridades da saúde e de Cuba socialista, e na degradação vil dos médicos cubanos importados.

Não temos projeto. Nos deslocamos lentamente, ciscando para os lados, como um galináceo. Testemunhamos, vez em quando, uma pequena melhora aqui, outra acolá, logo saudadas pelos governantes de plantão como soluções definitivas, gloriosas, redentoras. Mas nada indica o salto necessário, a necessária ousadia, a perseverança de métodos, planos e ações. Tudo se perde nas promessas dos governantes, na conversa fiada dos políticos, nos conflitos de mando e hegemonia, nos desvãos do poder e nos descaminhos da República.

Não há nada no horizonte, nos 191 anos de Independência, que permita sonhar com um amanhã radioso.

* “Tito Guarniere” publica suas crônicas semanalmente no jornal O Sul, de Porto Alegre. Sob esse psudônimo está um advogado, político e jornalista que atuou por muitos anos em Santa Catarina. Foi deputado federal e senador. Trouxe pra cá esta crônica porque diz exatamente o que eu estava pretendendo dizer nesta Semana da Pátria.

• Direitos autorais: Creative Commons - CC BY 3.0

FALE COM A OUVIDORIA

A felicidade americana

The American Pursuit of Happiness http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,2146449,00.html

Alzheimer está associada a ambientes limpos - The Guardian. Parece que contato com agentes infecciosos durante a vida pode desviar o sistema imune e evitar a doença

Alzheimer's may be linked to better hygiene, say scientists

Reduced contact with infectious agents might stall development of key elements of immune system, researchers suggest

• 
  

• Alok Jha, science correspondent
• theguardian.com, Wednesday 4 September 2013 19.36 BST
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The researchers say hygiene is positively associated with risk of Alzheimer’s disease. Photograph: Jeff Blackler/Rex Features

Improvements in hygiene could partly explain increased rates ofAlzheimer's disease seen in many developed countries, according to a research into the link between infections and the condition.

The researchers studied the prevalence of the neurodegenerative disease across 192 countries and compared it with the diversity of microbes in those places. Taking into account differences in birth rate, life expectancy and age structure in their study, the scientists found that levels of sanitation, infectious disease and urbanisation accounted for 33%, 36% and 28% respectively of the discrepancies seen in Alzheimer's rates between countries.

They concluded that hygiene was positively associated with risk of Alzheimer's disease. Countries with greater degree of sanitation and lower prevalence of pathogens had a higher burden from the disorder. Countries with greater degree of urbanisation and wealth also had higher Alzheimer's burdens.

Whether hygiene causes the pattern is not yet clear – cleanliness or infectious disease might be associated with some other factor – but the team does have a speculative hypothesis for how the two factors might be linked.

Exposure to micro-organisms – good and bad – is important for the body to develop proper immune responses. The hygiene hypothesis suggests that as societies have become cleaner, the reduced level of contact with bacteria and other infectious agents might stall the proper development of key elements of the body's immune system such as white blood cells. The team suggest that developing Alzheimer's might be linked to autoimmune disease, in which the body's immune system attacks itself.

"Alzheimer's disease (AD) shares certain etiological features with autoimmunity," the researchers wrote in the journal Evolution, Medicine and Public Health. "Prevalence of autoimmunity varies between populations in accordance with variation in environmental microbial diversity. Exposure to micro-organisms may improve individuals' immunoregulation in ways that protect against autoimmunity, and we suggest this may also be the case for AD."

James Pickett, head of research at the Alzheimer's Society, who was not involved in the research, said it was well known that the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease varied between countries. "That this discrepancy could be the result of better hygiene is certainly an interesting theory and loosely ties in with the links we know exist between inflammation and the disease," he said.

"However, it is always difficult to pin causality to one factor and this study does not cancel out the role of the many other lifestyle differences such as diet, education and wider health which we know can also have a role to play. One in three people over 65 will develop dementia. The best way to reduce your risk is to eat a healthy diet, exercise regularly, not smoke and keep your blood pressure and cholesterol in check."

Tradução

Alzheimer pode estar ligado a uma melhor higiene , dizem cientistas Redução contato com agentes infecciosos pode parar o desenvolvimento de elementos-chave do sistema imunológico , os pesquisadores sugerem Share 1 inShare 1 Email Alok Jha, correspondente de ciência theguardian.com , quarta-feira 04 setembro de 2013 19,36 BST Ir para comentários ( 0) Os pesquisadores dizem que a higiene é positivamente associada com o risco da doença de Alzheimer. Fotografia: Jeff Blackler / Rex Features Melhoria da higiene poderia explicar em parte o aumento das taxas da doença de Alzheimer visto em muitos países desenvolvidos , de acordo com uma investigação sobre a ligação entre infecções e as condições . Os pesquisadores estudaram a prevalência da doença neurodegenerativa em 192 países e comparou-a com a diversidade de micróbios nesses locais. Levando-se em consideração as diferenças nas taxas de natalidade , esperança de vida e estrutura etária em seu estudo, os cientistas descobriram que os níveis de saneamento , as doenças infecciosas e urbanização representaram 33 %, 36 % e 28% , respectivamente, das discrepâncias observadas em taxas de Alzheimer entre os países. Eles concluíram que a higiene foi positivamente associado com o risco da doença de Alzheimer. Os países com maior grau de saneamento e menor prevalência de patógenos apresentaram maior carga da doença. Os países com maior grau de urbanização e riqueza também apresentaram maiores encargos de Alzheimer. Se a higiene faz com que o padrão ainda não está claro - limpeza ou doença infecciosa pode estar associado a algum outro fator -, mas a equipe tem uma hipótese especulativa de como os dois fatores podem estar ligados . A exposição a micro -organismos - boas e más - é importante para o organismo a desenvolver respostas imunológicas adequadas. A hipótese da higiene sugere que as sociedades tornaram-se mais limpo, o reduzido nível de contato com bactérias e outros agentes infecciosos pode parar o desenvolvimento adequado dos elementos-chave do sistema imunológico do corpo , como as células brancas do sangue. A equipe sugere que o desenvolvimento de Alzheimer pode estar ligado à doença auto-imune, em que o sistema imunológico do corpo ataca a si mesmo . "A doença de Alzheimer (AD ) ações determinadas características etiológicas com auto-imunidade ", escreveram os pesquisadores na revista Evolution , Medicina e Saúde Pública . " Prevalência de auto-imunidade varia entre as populações , de acordo com a variação da diversidade microbiana ambiental. Exposição a micro -organismos podem melhorar imunorregulação dos indivíduos de forma a proteger contra a auto-imunidade , e sugerimos isso também pode ser o caso para a AD . " James Pickett, diretor de pesquisa da Sociedade de Alzheimer , que não esteve envolvido na pesquisa, disse que era bem conhecido que a prevalência da doença de Alzheimer variou entre os países . " Que esta discrepância poderia ser o resultado de uma melhor higiene é certamente uma teoria interessante e vagamente os laços com os links que sabemos existir entre a inflamação ea doença ", disse ele . "No entanto , é sempre difícil de causalidade a um fator e este estudo não anula o papel das muitas outras diferenças de estilo de vida , como alimentação, educação e saúde em geral que sabemos também pode ter um papel a desempenhar. Uma em cada três pessoas acima de 65 anos irão desenvolver demência. a melhor maneira de reduzir o risco é comer uma dieta saudável , fazer exercícios regularmente , não fumar e manter a pressão arterial eo colesterol sob controle. "Alzheimer pode estar ligado a uma melhor higiene , dizem cientistas

Contato reduzido com agentes infecciosos pode parar o desenvolvimento de elementos-chave do sistema imunológico , os pesquisadores sugerem

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Custos com hábito de fumar são enormes se somarmos o que gasta o SUS e neste artigo revela quanto custa para empresas americanas

Fumante gera custo extra de R$ 14 mil por ano às empresas, diz estudo

The New York Times

17/08/201307h00

r

O fumante representa um custo extra anual ao empregador privado dos Estados Unidos de U$ 5.816 (cerca de R$ 14 mil, de acordo com a cotação desta sexta-feira) em comparação com o não fumante, de acordo com uma análise de dados coletados de estudos anteriores.

Pesquisadores da Universidade do Estado de Ohio estimaram que o maior custo anual resultou dos intervalos para fumar: U$ 3.077 (cerca de R$ 7.400). Os fumantes realizaram em média cinco intervalos ao dia em comparação com os três intervalos que a maioria dos funcionários pode realizar.

O segundo grande custo, a importância de U$ 2.056 (cerca de R$ 5.000), foi associado a despesas de saúde em excesso. Os custos remanescentes foram o resultado do aumento das faltas – os pesquisadores descobriram que os fumantes perderam a cada ano aproximadamente dois dias e meio a mais de trabalho - e da perda de produtividade no trabalho, que talvez se deva aos efeitos da privação de nicotina. As descobertas foram publicadas online em junho, no periódico Tobacco Control.

"Nós precisamos empregar mais esforços, nacionais e comunitários, para o combate sistemático ao tabagismo e não somente pela interrupção do vício, como também pela prevenção", afirmou Micah Berman da Universidade do Estado de Ohio, principal autor da análise.

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Veja dicas para largar o fumo10 fotos

3 / 10

Hoje há diversas alternativas medicamentosas para ajudar na batalha contra o fumo. Vença o preconceito e procure ajuda. E cuidado com os métodos milagrosos para deixar de fumar. Getty Images

Estados Unidos também enfrenta o dilema de falta de médicos para expandir o sistema de Saúde - NYT- A industria médica e as dificuldades para ser aprovado. Um de cada 4 medicos é formado fora dos US por dificuldade e altos custos do Curso

Path to United States Practice Is Long Slog to Foreign Doctors

Karsten Moran for The New York Times

Sajith Abeyawickrama, who came in 2010 from Sri Lanka, teaches exam prep on genetics at Kaplan Medical in Newark, N.J.Thousands of foreign-trained immigrant physicians are living in the United States with lifesaving skills that are going unused because they stumbled over one of the many hurdles in the path toward becoming a licensed doctor here.

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Mr. Abeyawickrama was an anesthesiologist in Sri Lanka.

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The involved testing process and often duplicative training these doctors must go through are intended to make sure they meet this country’s high quality standards, which American medical industry groups say are unmatched elsewhere in the world. Some development experts are also loath to make it too easy for foreign doctors to practice here because of the risk of a “brain drain” abroad.

But many foreign physicians and their advocates argue that the process is unnecessarily restrictive and time-consuming, particularly since America’s need for doctors will expand sharply in a few short months under President Obama’s health care law. They point out that medical services cost far more in the United States than elsewhere in the world, in part because of such restrictions.

The United States already faces a shortage of physicians in many parts of the country, especially in specialties where foreign-trained physicians are most likely to practice, like primary care. And that shortage is going to get exponentially worse, studies predict, when the health care law insures millions more Americans starting in 2014.

The new health care law only modestly increases the supply of homegrown primary care doctors, not nearly enough to account for the shortfall, and even that tiny bump is still a few years away because it takes so long to train new doctors. Immigrant advocates and some economists point out that the medical labor force could grow much faster if the country tapped the underused skills of the foreign-trained physicians who are already here but are not allowed to practice. Canada, by contrast, has made efforts to recognize more high-quality training programs done abroad.

“It doesn’t cost the taxpayers a penny because these doctors come fully trained,” said Nyapati Raghu Rao, the Indian-born chairman of psychiatry at Nassau University Medical Center and a past chairman of the American Medical Association’s international medical graduates governing council. “It is doubtful that the U.S. can respond to the massive shortages without the participation of international medical graduates. But we’re basically ignoring them in this discussion and I don’t know why that is.”

Consider Sajith Abeyawickrama, 37, who was a celebrated anesthesiologist in his native Sri Lanka. But here in the United States, where he came in 2010 to marry, he cannot practice medicine.

Instead of working as a doctor himself, he has held a series of jobs in the medical industry, including an unpaid position where he entered patient data into a hospital’s electronic medical records system, and, more recently, a paid position teaching a test prep course for students trying to become licensed doctors themselves.

For years the United States has been training too few doctors to meet its own needs, in part because of industry-set limits on the number of medical school slots available. Today about one in four physicians practicing in the United States were trained abroad, a figure that includes a substantial number of American citizens who could not get into medical school at home and studied in places like the Caribbean.

But immigrant doctors, no matter how experienced and well trained, must run a long, costly and confusing gantlet before they can actually practice here.

The process usually starts with an application to a private nonprofit organization that verifies medical school transcripts and diplomas. Among other requirements, foreign doctors must prove they speak English; pass three separate steps of the United States Medical Licensing Examination; get American recommendation letters, usually obtained after volunteering or working in a hospital, clinic or research organization; and be permanent residents or receive a work visa (which often requires them to return to their home country after their training).

The biggest challenge is that an immigrant physician must win one of the coveted slots in America’s medical residency system, the step that seems to be the tightest bottleneck.

That residency, which typically involves grueling 80-hour workweeks, is required even if a doctor previously did a residency in a country with an advanced medical system, like Britain or Japan. The only exception is for doctors who did their residencies in Canada.

The whole process can consume upward of a decade — for those lucky few who make it through.

“It took me double the time I thought, since I was still having to work while I was studying to pay for the visa, which was very expensive,” said Alisson Sombredero, 33, an H.I.V. specialist who came to the United States from Colombia in 2005.

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Dr. Sombredero spent three years studying for her American license exams, gathering recommendation letters and volunteering at a hospital in an unpaid position. She supported herself during that time by working as a nanny. That was followed by three years in a residency at Highland Hospital in Oakland, Calif., and one year in an H.I.V. fellowship at San Francisco General Hospital. She finally finished her training this summer, eight years after she arrived in the United States and 16 years after she first enrolled in medical school.

Dr. Sombredero was helped through the process by theWelcome Back Initiative, an organization started 12 years ago as a partnership between San Francisco State University and City College of San Francisco. The organization has worked with about 4,600 physicians in its centers around the country, according to its founder, José Ramón Fernández-Peña.

Only 118 of those doctors, he said, have successfully made it to residency.

“If I had to even think about going through residency now, I’d shoot myself,” said Dr. Fernández-Peña, who came to the United States from Mexico in 1985 and chose not even to try treating patients once he learned what the licensing process requires. Today, in addition to running the Welcome Back Initiative, he is an associate professor of health education at San Francisco State.

The counterargument for making it easier for foreign physicians to practice in the United States — aside from concerns about quality controls — is that doing so will draw more physicians from poor countries. These places often have paid for their doctors’ medical training with public funds, on the assumption that those doctors will stay.

“We need to wean ourselves from our extraordinary dependence on importing doctors from the developing world,” said Fitzhugh Mullan, a professor of medicine and health policy at George Washington University in Washington. “We can’t tell other countries to nail their doctors’ feet to the ground at home. People will want to move and they should be able to. But we have created a huge, wide, open market by undertraining here, and the developing world responds.”

About one in 10 doctors trained in India have left that country, he found in a 2005study, and the figure is close to one in three for Ghana. (Many of those moved to Europe or other developed nations other than the United States.)

No one knows exactly how many immigrant doctors are in the United States and not practicing, but some other data points provide a clue. Each year the Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates, a private nonprofit, clears about 8,000 immigrant doctors (not including the American citizens who go to medical school abroad) to apply for the national residency match system. Normally about 3,000 of them successfully match to a residency slot, mostly filling less desired residencies in community hospitals, unpopular locations and in less lucrative specialties like primary care.

Over the last five years, an average of 42.1 percent of foreign-trained immigrant physicians who applied for residencies through the national match system succeeded. That compares with an average match rate of 93.9 percent for seniors at America’s mainstream medical schools.

Mr. Abeyawickrama, the Sri Lankan anesthesiologist, has failed to match for three years in a row; he blames low test scores. Most foreign doctors spend several years studying and taking their licensing exams, which American-trained doctors also take. He said he didn’t know this, and misguidedly thought it would be more expeditious to take all three within seven months of his arrival.

“That was the most foolish thing I ever did in my life,” he says. “I had the knowledge, but I did not know the art of the exams here.”

Even with inadequate preparation, he passed, though earning scores too low to be considered by most residency programs. But as a testament to his talents, he was recently offered a two-year research fellowship at the prestigious Cleveland Clinic, starting in the fall. He is hoping this job will give residency programs reason to overlook his test scores next time he applies.

“Once I finish my fellowship in Cleveland, at one of the best hospitals in America, I hope there will be some doors opening for me,” he said. “Maybe then they will look at my scores and realize they do not depict my true knowledge.”

The residency match rate for immigrants is likely to fall even lower in coming years. That is because the number of accredited American medical schools, and therefore United States-trained medical students, has increased substantially in the last decade, while the number of residency slots (most of which are subsizided by Medicare) has barely budged since Congress effectively froze residency funding in 1997.

Experts say several things could be done to make it easier for foreign-trained doctors to practice here, including reciprocal licensing arrangements, more and perhaps accelerated American residencies, or recognition of postgraduate training from other advanced countries.

Canada provides the most telling comparison. Some Canadian provinces allow immigrant doctors to practice family medicine without doing a Canadian residency, typically if the doctor did similar postgraduate work in the United States, Australia, Britain or Ireland. There are also residency waivers for some specialists coming from select training programs abroad considered similar to Canadian ones.

As a result, many (some estimates suggest nearly half) foreign-trained physicians currently coming into Canada do not have to redo a residency, said Dr. Rocco Gerace, the president of the Federation of Medical Regulatory Authorities of Canada.

In the United States, some foreign doctors work as waiters or taxi drivers while they try to work through the licensing process. Others decide to apply their skills to becoming another kind of medical professional, like a nurse practitioner or physician assistant, adopting careers that require fewer years of training. But those paths present barriers as well.

The same is true for other highly skilled medical professionals.

Hemamani Karuppiaharjunan, 40, was a dentist in her native India, which she left in 2000 to join her husband in the United States. She decided that going back to dentistry school in the United States while having two young children would be prohibitively time-consuming and expensive. Instead, she enrolled in a two-year dental hygiene program at Bergen Community College in Paramus, N.J., which cost her $30,000 instead of the $150,000 she would have needed to attend dental school. She graduated in 2012 at the top of her class and earns $42 an hour now, about half what she might make as a dentist in her area.

The loss of status has been harder.

“I rarely talk about it with patients,” she said. When she does mention her background, they usually express sympathy. “I’m glad my education is still respected in that sense, that people do recognize what I’ve done even though I can’t practice dentistry.”

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A version of this article appeared in print on August 12, 2013, on page A1 of the New York edition with the headline: Path to United States Practice Is Long Slog to Foreign Doctors.

Tuberculose

Rio de Janeiro é o estado com maior casos de tuberculose no Brasil http://noticias.uol.com.br/cotidiano/ultimas-noticias/2013/08/11/rio-de-janeiro-e-o-estado-com-maior-casos-de-tuberculose-no-brasil.htm